Where our health ranges come from

The glucose, HbA1c, blood pressure and BMI categories shown in the VitalLink app and website follow published clinical guidelines. The references are listed below. They are provided for information only and are not a substitute for advice from your doctor.

Blood Pressure Weight & BMI Glucose Monitoring Devices Diabetes Management Exercise Blood Glucose HbA1c Nutrition

Blood Pressure

4 references
2017 ACC/AHA Blood Pressure Guidelines (2018)

Current classification of blood pressure levels

Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults. Hypertension. 2018;71(6):e13-e115.

American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association View source
2017 ACC/AHA Blood Pressure Guidelines (2018)

Current classification of blood pressure levels

Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults. Hypertension. 2018;71(6):e13-e115.

American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association View source
Hypertensive Crisis Management (2018)

Emergency management of severely elevated blood pressure

Papadopoulos DP, Mourouzis I, Thomopoulos C, et al. Hypertension crisis. Blood Press. 2010;19(6):328-336.

American Heart Association View source
Hypertensive Crisis Management (2018)

Emergency management of severely elevated blood pressure

Papadopoulos DP, Mourouzis I, Thomopoulos C, et al. Hypertension crisis. Blood Press. 2010;19(6):328-336.

American Heart Association View source

Weight & BMI

4 references
BMI Classification (2024)

International standard for body mass index classification

World Health Organization. Body mass index - BMI. Available at: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/topic-details/GHO/body-mass-index. Accessed 2024.

World Health Organization View source
BMI Classification (2024)

International standard for body mass index classification

World Health Organization. Body mass index - BMI. Available at: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/topic-details/GHO/body-mass-index. Accessed 2024.

World Health Organization View source
BMI and Health Risks (1998)

Association between BMI and health outcomes

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. NIH Publication No. 98-4083. September 1998.

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute View source
BMI and Health Risks (1998)

Association between BMI and health outcomes

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. NIH Publication No. 98-4083. September 1998.

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute View source

Glucose Monitoring Devices

2 references
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Guidelines (2016)

Clinical use of continuous glucose monitoring systems

Klonoff DC, Ahn D, Drincic A. Continuous glucose monitoring: A review of the technology and clinical use. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;133:178-192.

Endocrine Society View source
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Guidelines (2016)

Clinical use of continuous glucose monitoring systems

Klonoff DC, Ahn D, Drincic A. Continuous glucose monitoring: A review of the technology and clinical use. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;133:178-192.

Endocrine Society View source

Diabetes Management

2 references
Comprehensive Diabetes Care (2023)

Evidence-based recommendations for diabetes management

American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(Supplement_1).

American Diabetes Association View source
Comprehensive Diabetes Care (2023)

Evidence-based recommendations for diabetes management

American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(Supplement_1).

American Diabetes Association View source

Exercise

2 references
Physical Activity and Diabetes (2016)

Exercise recommendations for diabetes management

Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, et al. Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(11):2065-2079.

American Diabetes Association View source
Physical Activity and Diabetes (2016)

Exercise recommendations for diabetes management

Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, et al. Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(11):2065-2079.

American Diabetes Association View source

Blood Glucose

4 references
Blood Glucose Target Ranges (2023)

Standard blood glucose target ranges for diabetes management

American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(Supplement_1):S1-S291.

American Diabetes Association View source
Blood Glucose Target Ranges (2023)

Standard blood glucose target ranges for diabetes management

American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(Supplement_1):S1-S291.

American Diabetes Association View source
Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia (2017)

Clinical definitions and management of low and high blood glucose

International Hypoglycaemia Study Group. Glucose Concentrations of Less Than 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) Should Be Reported in Clinical Trials: A Joint Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(1):155-157.

International Hypoglycaemia Study Group View source
Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia (2017)

Clinical definitions and management of low and high blood glucose

International Hypoglycaemia Study Group. Glucose Concentrations of Less Than 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) Should Be Reported in Clinical Trials: A Joint Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(1):155-157.

International Hypoglycaemia Study Group View source

HbA1c

4 references
HbA1c and Mean Plasma Glucose (2008)

Correlation between HbA1c and average glucose levels

Nathan DM, Kuenen J, Borg R, et al. Translating the A1C assay into estimated average glucose values. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(8):1473-1478.

American Diabetes Association View source
HbA1c and Mean Plasma Glucose (2008)

Correlation between HbA1c and average glucose levels

Nathan DM, Kuenen J, Borg R, et al. Translating the A1C assay into estimated average glucose values. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(8):1473-1478.

American Diabetes Association View source
HbA1c Diagnostic Criteria (2011)

Use of HbA1c for diagnosis of diabetes

World Health Organization. Use of Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus: Abbreviated Report of a WHO Consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.

World Health Organization View source
HbA1c Diagnostic Criteria (2011)

Use of HbA1c for diagnosis of diabetes

World Health Organization. Use of Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus: Abbreviated Report of a WHO Consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.

World Health Organization View source

Nutrition

2 references
Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes (2019)

Evidence-based nutrition recommendations

Evert AB, Dennison M, Gardner CD, et al. Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(5):731-754.

American Diabetes Association View source
Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes (2019)

Evidence-based nutrition recommendations

Evert AB, Dennison M, Gardner CD, et al. Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(5):731-754.

American Diabetes Association View source